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  <section id="module-paho.mqtt.publish">
<span id="helpers"></span><h1>helpers<a class="headerlink" href="#module-paho.mqtt.publish" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
<p>This module provides some helper functions to allow straightforward publishing
of messages in a one-shot manner. In other words, they are useful for the
situation where you have a single/multiple messages you want to publish to a
broker, then disconnect and nothing else is required.</p>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="paho.mqtt.publish.multiple">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">paho.mqtt.publish.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">multiple</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">msgs</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">MessagesList</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">hostname</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'localhost'</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">port</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">1883</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">client_id</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">''</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">keepalive</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">60</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">will</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">MessageDict</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">|</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">None</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">auth</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">AuthParameter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">|</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">None</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">tls</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">TLSParameter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">|</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">None</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">protocol</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="types.html#paho.mqtt.enums.MQTTProtocolVersion" title="paho.mqtt.enums.MQTTProtocolVersion"><span class="pre">MQTTProtocolVersion</span></a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">MQTTProtocolVersion.MQTTv311</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">transport</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Literal</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="s"><span class="pre">'tcp'</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s"><span class="pre">'websockets'</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'tcp'</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">proxy_args</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Any</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">|</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">None</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#paho.mqtt.publish.multiple" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Publish multiple messages to a broker, then disconnect cleanly.</p>
<p>This function creates an MQTT client, connects to a broker and publishes a
list of messages. Once the messages have been delivered, it disconnects
cleanly from the broker.</p>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">Parameters<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple">
<li><p><strong>msgs</strong> – <p>a list of messages to publish. Each message is either a dict or a
tuple.</p>
<p>If a dict, only the topic must be present. Default values will be
used for any missing arguments. The dict must be of the form:</p>
<p>msg = {‘topic’:”&lt;topic&gt;”, ‘payload’:”&lt;payload&gt;”, ‘qos’:&lt;qos&gt;,
‘retain’:&lt;retain&gt;}
topic must be present and may not be empty.
If payload is “”, None or not present then a zero length payload
will be published.
If qos is not present, the default of 0 is used.
If retain is not present, the default of False is used.</p>
<p>If a tuple, then it must be of the form:
(“&lt;topic&gt;”, “&lt;payload&gt;”, qos, retain)</p>
</p></li>
<li><p><strong>hostname</strong> (<em>str</em>) – the address of the broker to connect to.
Defaults to localhost.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>port</strong> (<em>int</em>) – the port to connect to the broker on. Defaults to 1883.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>client_id</strong> (<em>str</em>) – the MQTT client id to use. If “” or None, the Paho library will
generate a client id automatically.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>keepalive</strong> (<em>int</em>) – the keepalive timeout value for the client. Defaults to 60
seconds.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>will</strong> – a dict containing will parameters for the client: will = {‘topic’:
“&lt;topic&gt;”, ‘payload’:”&lt;payload”&gt;, ‘qos’:&lt;qos&gt;, ‘retain’:&lt;retain&gt;}.
Topic is required, all other parameters are optional and will
default to None, 0 and False respectively.
Defaults to None, which indicates no will should be used.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>auth</strong> – a dict containing authentication parameters for the client:
auth = {‘username’:”&lt;username&gt;”, ‘password’:”&lt;password&gt;”}
Username is required, password is optional and will default to None
if not provided.
Defaults to None, which indicates no authentication is to be used.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>tls</strong> – a dict containing TLS configuration parameters for the client:
dict = {‘ca_certs’:”&lt;ca_certs&gt;”, ‘certfile’:”&lt;certfile&gt;”,
‘keyfile’:”&lt;keyfile&gt;”, ‘tls_version’:”&lt;tls_version&gt;”,
‘ciphers’:”&lt;ciphers”&gt;, ‘insecure’:”&lt;bool&gt;”}
ca_certs is required, all other parameters are optional and will
default to None if not provided, which results in the client using
the default behaviour - see the paho.mqtt.client documentation.
Alternatively, tls input can be an SSLContext object, which will be
processed using the tls_set_context method.
Defaults to None, which indicates that TLS should not be used.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>transport</strong> (<em>str</em>) – set to “tcp” to use the default setting of transport which is
raw TCP. Set to “websockets” to use WebSockets as the transport.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>proxy_args</strong> – a dictionary that will be given to the client.</p></li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="paho.mqtt.publish.single">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">paho.mqtt.publish.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">single</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">topic</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">payload</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">paho.PayloadType</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">qos</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">retain</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">bool</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">hostname</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'localhost'</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">port</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">1883</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">client_id</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">''</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">keepalive</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">60</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">will</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">MessageDict</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">|</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">None</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">auth</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">AuthParameter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">|</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">None</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">tls</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">TLSParameter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">|</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">None</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">protocol</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="types.html#paho.mqtt.enums.MQTTProtocolVersion" title="paho.mqtt.enums.MQTTProtocolVersion"><span class="pre">MQTTProtocolVersion</span></a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">MQTTProtocolVersion.MQTTv311</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">transport</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Literal</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="s"><span class="pre">'tcp'</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s"><span class="pre">'websockets'</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'tcp'</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">proxy_args</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Any</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">|</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">None</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#paho.mqtt.publish.single" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Publish a single message to a broker, then disconnect cleanly.</p>
<p>This function creates an MQTT client, connects to a broker and publishes a
single message. Once the message has been delivered, it disconnects cleanly
from the broker.</p>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">Parameters<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple">
<li><p><strong>topic</strong> (<em>str</em>) – the only required argument must be the topic string to which the
payload will be published.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>payload</strong> – the payload to be published. If “” or None, a zero length payload
will be published.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>qos</strong> (<em>int</em>) – the qos to use when publishing,  default to 0.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>retain</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – set the message to be retained (True) or not (False).</p></li>
<li><p><strong>hostname</strong> (<em>str</em>) – the address of the broker to connect to.
Defaults to localhost.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>port</strong> (<em>int</em>) – the port to connect to the broker on. Defaults to 1883.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>client_id</strong> (<em>str</em>) – the MQTT client id to use. If “” or None, the Paho library will
generate a client id automatically.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>keepalive</strong> (<em>int</em>) – the keepalive timeout value for the client. Defaults to 60
seconds.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>will</strong> – a dict containing will parameters for the client: will = {‘topic’:
“&lt;topic&gt;”, ‘payload’:”&lt;payload”&gt;, ‘qos’:&lt;qos&gt;, ‘retain’:&lt;retain&gt;}.
Topic is required, all other parameters are optional and will
default to None, 0 and False respectively.
Defaults to None, which indicates no will should be used.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>auth</strong> – a dict containing authentication parameters for the client:
Username is required, password is optional and will default to None
auth = {‘username’:”&lt;username&gt;”, ‘password’:”&lt;password&gt;”}
if not provided.
Defaults to None, which indicates no authentication is to be used.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>tls</strong> – a dict containing TLS configuration parameters for the client:
dict = {‘ca_certs’:”&lt;ca_certs&gt;”, ‘certfile’:”&lt;certfile&gt;”,
‘keyfile’:”&lt;keyfile&gt;”, ‘tls_version’:”&lt;tls_version&gt;”,
‘ciphers’:”&lt;ciphers”&gt;, ‘insecure’:”&lt;bool&gt;”}
ca_certs is required, all other parameters are optional and will
default to None if not provided, which results in the client using
the default behaviour - see the paho.mqtt.client documentation.
Defaults to None, which indicates that TLS should not be used.
Alternatively, tls input can be an SSLContext object, which will be
processed using the tls_set_context method.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>transport</strong> – set to “tcp” to use the default setting of transport which is
raw TCP. Set to “websockets” to use WebSockets as the transport.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>proxy_args</strong> – a dictionary that will be given to the client.</p></li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd></dl>

<p id="module-paho.mqtt.subscribe">This module provides some helper functions to allow straightforward subscribing
to topics and retrieving messages. The two functions are simple(), which
returns one or messages matching a set of topics, and callback() which allows
you to pass a callback for processing of messages.</p>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="paho.mqtt.subscribe.callback">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">paho.mqtt.subscribe.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">callback</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">callback</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">topics</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">qos</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">userdata</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">hostname</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'localhost'</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">port</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">1883</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">client_id</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">''</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">keepalive</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">60</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">will</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">auth</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">tls</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">protocol</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">MQTTProtocolVersion.MQTTv311</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">transport</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'tcp'</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">clean_session</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">True</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">proxy_args</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#paho.mqtt.subscribe.callback" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Subscribe to a list of topics and process them in a callback function.</p>
<p>This function creates an MQTT client, connects to a broker and subscribes
to a list of topics. Incoming messages are processed by the user provided
callback.  This is a blocking function and will never return.</p>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">Parameters<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple">
<li><p><strong>callback</strong> – function with the same signature as <a class="reference internal" href="client.html#paho.mqtt.client.Client.on_message" title="paho.mqtt.client.Client.on_message"><code class="xref any py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">on_message</span></code></a> for
processing the messages received.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>topics</strong> – either a string containing a single topic to subscribe to, or a
list of topics to subscribe to.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>qos</strong> (<em>int</em>) – the qos to use when subscribing. This is applied to all topics.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>userdata</strong> – passed to the callback</p></li>
<li><p><strong>hostname</strong> (<em>str</em>) – the address of the broker to connect to.
Defaults to localhost.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>port</strong> (<em>int</em>) – the port to connect to the broker on. Defaults to 1883.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>client_id</strong> (<em>str</em>) – the MQTT client id to use. If “” or None, the Paho library will
generate a client id automatically.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>keepalive</strong> (<em>int</em>) – the keepalive timeout value for the client. Defaults to 60
seconds.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>will</strong> – <p>a dict containing will parameters for the client: will = {‘topic’:
“&lt;topic&gt;”, ‘payload’:”&lt;payload”&gt;, ‘qos’:&lt;qos&gt;, ‘retain’:&lt;retain&gt;}.
Topic is required, all other parameters are optional and will
default to None, 0 and False respectively.</p>
<p>Defaults to None, which indicates no will should be used.</p>
</p></li>
<li><p><strong>auth</strong> – a dict containing authentication parameters for the client:
auth = {‘username’:”&lt;username&gt;”, ‘password’:”&lt;password&gt;”}
Username is required, password is optional and will default to None
if not provided.
Defaults to None, which indicates no authentication is to be used.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>tls</strong> – a dict containing TLS configuration parameters for the client:
dict = {‘ca_certs’:”&lt;ca_certs&gt;”, ‘certfile’:”&lt;certfile&gt;”,
‘keyfile’:”&lt;keyfile&gt;”, ‘tls_version’:”&lt;tls_version&gt;”,
‘ciphers’:”&lt;ciphers”&gt;, ‘insecure’:”&lt;bool&gt;”}
ca_certs is required, all other parameters are optional and will
default to None if not provided, which results in the client using
the default behaviour - see the paho.mqtt.client documentation.
Alternatively, tls input can be an SSLContext object, which will be
processed using the tls_set_context method.
Defaults to None, which indicates that TLS should not be used.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>transport</strong> (<em>str</em>) – set to “tcp” to use the default setting of transport which is
raw TCP. Set to “websockets” to use WebSockets as the transport.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>clean_session</strong> – a boolean that determines the client type. If True,
the broker will remove all information about this client
when it disconnects. If False, the client is a persistent
client and subscription information and queued messages
will be retained when the client disconnects.
Defaults to True.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>proxy_args</strong> – a dictionary that will be given to the client.</p></li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="paho.mqtt.subscribe.simple">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">paho.mqtt.subscribe.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">simple</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">topics</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">qos</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">msg_count</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">retained</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">True</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">hostname</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'localhost'</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">port</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">1883</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">client_id</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">''</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">keepalive</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">60</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">will</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">auth</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">tls</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">protocol</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">MQTTProtocolVersion.MQTTv311</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">transport</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'tcp'</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">clean_session</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">True</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">proxy_args</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#paho.mqtt.subscribe.simple" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Subscribe to a list of topics and return msg_count messages.</p>
<p>This function creates an MQTT client, connects to a broker and subscribes
to a list of topics. Once “msg_count” messages have been received, it
disconnects cleanly from the broker and returns the messages.</p>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">Parameters<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple">
<li><p><strong>topics</strong> – either a string containing a single topic to subscribe to, or a
list of topics to subscribe to.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>qos</strong> (<em>int</em>) – the qos to use when subscribing. This is applied to all topics.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>msg_count</strong> (<em>int</em>) – the number of messages to retrieve from the broker.
if msg_count == 1 then a single MQTTMessage will be returned.
if msg_count &gt; 1 then a list of MQTTMessages will be returned.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>retained</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – If set to True, retained messages will be processed the same as
non-retained messages. If set to False, retained messages will
be ignored. This means that with retained=False and msg_count=1,
the function will return the first message received that does
not have the retained flag set.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>hostname</strong> (<em>str</em>) – the address of the broker to connect to.
Defaults to localhost.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>port</strong> (<em>int</em>) – the port to connect to the broker on. Defaults to 1883.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>client_id</strong> (<em>str</em>) – the MQTT client id to use. If “” or None, the Paho library will
generate a client id automatically.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>keepalive</strong> (<em>int</em>) – the keepalive timeout value for the client. Defaults to 60
seconds.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>will</strong> – a dict containing will parameters for the client: will = {‘topic’:
“&lt;topic&gt;”, ‘payload’:”&lt;payload”&gt;, ‘qos’:&lt;qos&gt;, ‘retain’:&lt;retain&gt;}.
Topic is required, all other parameters are optional and will
default to None, 0 and False respectively.
Defaults to None, which indicates no will should be used.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>auth</strong> – a dict containing authentication parameters for the client:
auth = {‘username’:”&lt;username&gt;”, ‘password’:”&lt;password&gt;”}
Username is required, password is optional and will default to None
if not provided.
Defaults to None, which indicates no authentication is to be used.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>tls</strong> – a dict containing TLS configuration parameters for the client:
dict = {‘ca_certs’:”&lt;ca_certs&gt;”, ‘certfile’:”&lt;certfile&gt;”,
‘keyfile’:”&lt;keyfile&gt;”, ‘tls_version’:”&lt;tls_version&gt;”,
‘ciphers’:”&lt;ciphers”&gt;, ‘insecure’:”&lt;bool&gt;”}
ca_certs is required, all other parameters are optional and will
default to None if not provided, which results in the client using
the default behaviour - see the paho.mqtt.client documentation.
Alternatively, tls input can be an SSLContext object, which will be
processed using the tls_set_context method.
Defaults to None, which indicates that TLS should not be used.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>protocol</strong> – the MQTT protocol version to use. Defaults to MQTTv311.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>transport</strong> – set to “tcp” to use the default setting of transport which is
raw TCP. Set to “websockets” to use WebSockets as the transport.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>clean_session</strong> – a boolean that determines the client type. If True,
the broker will remove all information about this client
when it disconnects. If False, the client is a persistent
client and subscription information and queued messages
will be retained when the client disconnects.
Defaults to True. If protocol is MQTTv50, clean_session
is ignored.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>proxy_args</strong> – a dictionary that will be given to the client.</p></li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd></dl>

</section>


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